Equalizer



N. CROONHOLM EQUALIZER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 30. 1919.

1,344,334, Patented June 22, 1920.

A TTORN E Y.

HILLS CROOKHOLM, OF CORNWALL, NEW YORK.

EQUALIZED.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented J 11113 22, 1920.

Application filed June 30, 1919. Serial No. 307,512.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, NILLS CnooNHoLM, a citizen of the United States of America, re sidin at Cornwall, in the county of Orangeand tate of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Equalizers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to pneumatic shock absorbers for vehicles such as automobiles, carriages or the like.

The principal object of the invention resides in the provision of a plurality of cylinders which are fixedly supported from the chassis of the car and pistons operating within said cylinders and connected with the axles, the said cylinders arranged in a pipe line which establishes an open communication between the respective cylinders so that on the compression stroke of one or more of the pistons the pressure will be distributed to the other cylinders, and through the pipe line whereby to establish maximum buoyancy and elasticity and furnish an absorbing action which will effectually tak up the detrimental shock and jars.

A still further object of the invention resides in the provision of a device of this character which will be instantly responsive to absorb the shocks and jars; one which will be simple of construction and one which will be adjustable to accommodate itself to varying loads and conditions.

With the above and other objects in view which will appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the'same consist in the improved construction and novel arrangement of parts which will hereinafter be fully described and particularly pointed out in the claim.

In the accompanying drawings, has been illustrated, a single and preferred form of the invention, it being, however, understood that no limitations are necessarily made to the precise structural details therein exhibited i but that changes, alterations, and modifications within the scope of the claim maybe resorted to when desired. I Figure 1 is the plan view of the apparatus showin the same conventionally applied to a vehic e.

Fig. 2 is a side view thereof.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section through one of the cylinders. 4

Fig. 4 is a transverse section therethrou h.

Fig, 5 is a vertical section of an air i et valve and air relief valve.

The invention consists in the provision of the identical cylinders 1 which are arranged in pairs so that one pair is located at the front and the other at the rear of the vehicle.

Each cylinder is closed at its upper end by a crown 2, while at its opposite end it is open as at 5 except for the provision of a stop collar 3 which is threadedly connected to cylinder 1, as illustrated in Fig. 3. These cylinders are fixedly connected by a bracket 6 to the side bar of the chassis as, also shown in Fig. 3.

Operating in each cylinder is a piston, consisting preferably of a metal disk 7, whose diameter is preferably less than the internal diameter of the cylinder to afiord a slight rocking motion of the cylinder relatively of the piston. The disk 7 of the piston is provided with a leather cup packing 8 having a flange which operates against the inner walls of the cylinder and around the marginal edge of the plate 9, so as to establish air tight connection between the cylinder and said piston. The piston is provided with a rod 10, which is operatively connected by clamps 11 with the underlying axle of the vehicle.

hese cylinders are used in conjunction with the ordinary springs of the vehicle which are commonly interposed between the axle and chassis as shown at 12' in Fig. 2 so that under the action of the springs the pistons are held retracted or in down stroke positions in the cylinders normally.

A pipe line 14, is provided as a source of communication between the respectivefront and rear pairs of cylinders 1 and it consists preferably of the fittings 13 at the front and rear branch pipes 14.- Said branch pipes being connected to said fittin s will, further be connected to nipples 12 by union nut 16. The two Y fittings 13 are connected together by a longitudinal pipe 15. y

In this manner it is obvious that on the compression stroke of any onev or more of the mentioned pistons air under pressure will be distributed to the other cylinders of the structure and against the pistons therein. In this manner the shocks and jars are properly cushioned and the force of the shock e ualized and uniformly distributed.

In or er that the structure will be made responsive to different loads and conditions of the vehicle, the pipe 15 is provided with an air inlet valve 1 and an air relief valve passage in the top is marked 24.

18 as shown in 5, both connected to the longitudinal pipe 15 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 5 shows the air inlet valve 17. It consists of a T 19, the reduction nipple 20, the top 21, threadedly connected to the reduction nipple 20, and inside will be seen-a ball 22, supported by a spring 23, anTalir e spring 23 should have enough strength to keep'up the ball against the top with a pressure of 1 pound more or less, so that when the car is weighted the air will be admitted to the cylinders. The air relief valve 18 has the same construction as a safety valve; it consists of a T 25, reducing nipple 26, which forms the bed for the plunger 28. 27 is the top with an air relief hole 30, 29 the spring which should be strong enough to give a pressure of pounds more or less. In this manner a flexible cushioning action can automatically be established according to requirements, so when the car is loaded up the superfluous air will escape through the air relief valve.

In lieu of pipe connection such asillustrated herein in every well known conduit may besubstituted therefor which will establish operative communication between the several cylinders of the equalizer and I, therefore do not care to limit myself to the precise arrangement and construction of,

parts herein illustrated.

What I claim is A shock absorber and equalizer for vehicles comprising cylinders suspended from signature.

NILLS CROONHOLM. 

